This underlines the fact that retirement investing should begin well before you approach retirement age. And there is a plan you can adopt during your working years that is particularly effective in smoothing the path to retirement.

Retirement investing: Dollar-cost averaging brings automatic profits

The best retirement plan you can have is to start saving as early in your working career as possible. You then invest a steady or rising amount of that money in the stock market every year. When you follow this plan, you automatically profit from dollar-cost averaging. You will automatically buy more shares when prices are low, and fewer shares when prices are high.

In retirement, you reverse the process. You live off your dividends, and sell stocks only when you need more money. When you do that, you sell your lower-quality holdings first. That way, your sales have the added advantage of upgrading the quality of your portfolio.

Of course, you can improve your returns and cut risk if you structure your retirement investing around our three-part approach at TSI Network. Invest your money mainly in well-established, dividend-paying companies. Spread your investments out across the five main economic sectors (Manufacturing & Industry, Commodities & Resources, the Consumer sector, Finance, and Utilities). Downplay or avoid stocks in the broker/media limelight.

That limelight tends to push up investor expectations to unrealizable levels. When unpleasant surprises come along, they can have a brutal impact on prices of stocks in the broker/media limelight.

Don’t let your retirement investing be distracted by the direction of the stock market

The funny thing about this financial plan is that you can actually make it less effective if you try to improve it. For instance, you may decide to vary how much money you invest every year, depending on your view of the market outlook. And that’s likely to cost you money at least half of the time.

If you invest more money in years when you’re confident about the economy or market, you may wind up buying more shares when prices are high. If you cut back on your investing in years when the outlook is uncertain, you’ll buy fewer when prices are low.

In the course of your investing career, you’ll make some good guesses about market direction, and some bad ones; overall, they are likely to average out. That’s why it’s best to keep to your plan no matter what the market does. It’s much easier to spot high-quality investments than it is to try and predict the next shift in the direction of share prices.

This plan is virtually guaranteed to produce great results for you, if you start early and stick with it. However, few investors do that. Many investors simply run into too many ways to get sidetracked, and fail to stay with that steady—and successful—approach.

If you’d like me to personally apply my time-tested investment advice to your portfolio, you should consider becoming a client of my Successful Investor Wealth Management service. Click here to learn more.

Every Wednesday, we publish our “Investor Toolkit” series on TSI Network. Whether you’re a new or experienced investor, these weekly updates are designed to give you specific investment advice. Each Investor Toolkit update gives you a fundamental piece of investment strategy, and shows you how you can put it into practice right away.

Tip of the week: “2 tips that will help you leave a more profitable estate to your heirs.”

It’s a good idea to have some financial contingency plan in place at any age, so that someone you trust can take charge of your finances and investments if you are unable to do it yourself. From time to time, we hear from investors asking us how they might set up their finances so they can be easily managed after their death.

As you proceed with your retirement investing, it’s always good to have clear plans in place—and keep them up to date as your circumstances change. Here are two tips you can use to ensure that you put the least possible stress on your loved ones and make the most of the investments you leave to your heirs:

1. Have a clear but flexible financial contingency plan: This will let someone you trust to take charge of your finances if necessary. However, it’s important to focus on finding someone you trust thoroughly, and to give that person as much latitude as possible.
   
   The alternative — leaving fixed instructions — introduces a random element that can only hurt you. After all, fixed instructions (such as “If I get sick, convert all my holdings into T-bills”) won’t add to your wealth. But they may turn out to be wholly inappropriate, and the person you put in charge will be confined by your instructions and unable to do anything different.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

2. Consider your heirs when making investment decisions: If you have substantially more money than you’ll need for the rest of your life, and you plan to leave the excess to your heirs, it makes sense to invest at least part of your legacy on their behalf. That is, invest with their longer time horizon in mind, not yours.
   
   For instance, if your heirs are in their 40s, your retirement investing should involve holding at least part of your portfolio in a selection of investments that would suit investors in their 40s. Of course, you’d still want to invest conservatively. But you would take into account the many years that 40-somethings have until they reach retirement age.
   
   For instance, if your retirement investing includes holding your money in T-bills for the last few years of your life, it will produce a minimal return after taxes. In fact, you may actually lose money after accounting for taxes as well as inflation.
   
   After your death, it may take months or longer to settle your estate. After that, your 40-something heirs may need time to put your legacy to work, especially if they are inexperienced investors. They may have passed 50 by the time they get around to investing in a way that’s appropriate to their age.
   
   Missing out on, say, three years of even moderate returns can take a big bite out of the funds they’ll have a few decades later, when it’s their turn to retire.

If you’d like me to personally apply my time-tested approach to your investments, you should consider becoming a client of my Successful Investor Wealth Management service. Click here to learn more.

As investors near retirement, many advisors tend to recommend that they move an ever larger part of their investments from stocks to bonds and other fixed-return investments.

Bonds can provide steady income and a guarantee to repay the principal at maturity. However, they could cost you returns in the long run.

When retirement planning, remember stocks are bound to be more profitable than bonds

Bond prices will likely fall over the next few years as interest rates inevitably rise again. For example, governments injecting money into their economies could spur inflation. Higher inflation would likely prompt governments to raise rates.

That’s why we continue to recommend that you invest only a small part of your portfolio in bonds and fixed-income investments. Instead, focus your retirement planning on building a diversified portfolio of well-established companies with long histories of steady or growing dividends.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

We recommend this retirement planning approach because equities are bound to be more profitable than fixed-return investments over long periods. That’s because equity returns are related to business profits, while returns on fixed-return investments are related to business interest costs.

A business’s profits must be higher than its interest costs in the long run. Otherwise, every business that owes money would go broke, and that’s not likely to happen. That’s why most investors should hold a large part of their money in stocks most of the time.

Returns on your stocks are sure to be more volatile than what you earn on fixed-return investments (that includes short-term bonds). That’s because returns on stocks are related to the part of gross profit that’s left over after a company pays its interest costs.

Bonds can provide stability — and a place to park your cash

Though fixed-return investments are less profitable than equity investments, they can help stabilize your portfolio’s value. They serve as reserves you can use to buy more stocks when prices are down. For that matter, when stock prices are down, you can use your reserves for personal spending to avoid having to sell at a low.

In the end, the right equities/fixed return split depends on your financial circumstances and your temperament. If you are older and are currently revisiting your retirement planning, you may want to hold some fixed-income investments. But with interest rates at current low levels, stick with government bonds that have terms of, say, two years or less.

You can get the latest issue of Canadian Wealth Advisor absolutely FREE when you take a no-risk, 1-month FREE trial to Canadian Wealth Advisor today.

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Today’s tip: “The role of annuities in your retirement income”

Annuities have several rigid terms that can work for or against you.

The main benefit of annuities is that they offer stable, predictable income. That may make them suitable for part of your assets, depending on your age and investment experience. The main drawback is that annuity payments stop when you die. But that’s not always the case.

There are basically three different kinds of annuities:

1. Term-certain annuities are payable to you, or your estate, for a fixed number of years. Your estate will receive the payments even if you die. You could outlive this type of annuity.
2. Single-life annuities are payable to you for as long as you are alive. These annuities may come with a minimum number of years of payments. If you die while the minimum payment period is still underway, future payments would go to your estate.
3. Joint and last survivor life annuities are payable as long as you, or your spouse, are alive.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

Three ways annuities can hurt your retirement income

Stable, predictable retirement income is obviously a big plus for any investor. However, annuities do have certain disadvantages that could weigh on your retirement income. Here are three drawbacks you should consider before you buy an annuity:

1. Link to interest rates makes today a poor time to buy annuities: The rate of return you receive on an annuity is linked to interest rates at the time you buy it. That makes periods of unusually low interest rates, like today, an especially poor time for buying annuities. However, if you want to buy annuities, you could buy one annuity a year for the next five years. That way, your returns will increase if interest rates rise, as we expect.
2. It may be hard to get out if you change your mind: Unlike stocks, it can be difficult or impossible to sell an annuity if you decide it no longer meets your needs. Moreover, you will likely get a low price for your annuity because the date of your death is uncertain.
3. Tax disadvantages: When you own an annuity, the income payments you receive are made up of interest and a return of your principal. The return of your principal is tax free, but the interest portion of the payment is taxed as ordinary income.
   
   Ordinary income is taxed at a higher rate than returns on a stock portfolio. If you build your portfolio as we recommend, part of your return would come in the form of dividends from Canadian stocks, which qualify for the dividend tax credit. The remainder would come in the form of capital gains, which are taxed at half the rate of ordinary income, and are only taxed in the year you sell.

To maximize your retirement income, look to a safety-conscious investment portfolio

In the end, we think most investors would be better off building a portfolio that contains the kind of high-quality investments we recommend our newsletters, well balanced across the five main sectors of the economy (Manufacturing & Industry, Resources & Commodities, the Consumer sector, Finance and Utilities).

At the moment, we advise against buying annuities or long-term bonds. However, our view may change along with interest rates and inflation.

My Inner Circle: A powerful tool that can make a big difference to your retirement income

When you become a member of my Inner Circle service, you always have access to me and my investment team. Whether you’re looking for advice about retirement investing or a trusted second opinion on whether you should buy, hold—or sell—a specific stock, my trusted advice is always a mouse click away.

In addition, you’ll not only receive the answers to your questions, but you’ll also get to see all other members’ questions, and our answers (of course, we eliminate any personal information).

And that’s not all. You also get subscriptions to all 4 of my newsletters, The Successful Investor, Stock Pickers Digest, Wall Street Stock Forecaster and Canadian Wealth Advisor.

I urge you not to miss this opportunity. Give yourself an advantage over other investors and join my Inner Circle today. Click here to learn how.

Automatic retirement investing profits from dollar-cost averaging

The best overall retirement investing plan is to start saving as early in your working career as possible, and to invest a steady or rising amount of money in the stock market every year. Following this plan, you automatically profit from dollar-cost averaging. You’ll automatically buy more shares when prices are low, and fewer shares when prices are high.

In retirement, you reverse the process. You live off your dividends, and sell stocks only when you need more money. When you do that, you sell your lower-quality holdings first. That way, you use your sales to upgrade the quality of your portfolio.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

Of course, you can improve your retirement investing returns and cut risk if you invest as we advise in our three-part Successful Investor approach. Invest your money mainly in well-established, dividend-paying companies. Spread your investments out across the five main economic sectors (Manufacturing & Industry, Commodities & Resources, the Consumer sector, Finance, and Utilities). Downplay or avoid stocks in the broker/media limelight.

That limelight tends to push up investor expectations to unrealizable levels. When unpleasant surprises come along, they can have a brutal impact on prices of stocks in the broker/media limelight.

Focus your retirement investing on the quality of your holdings—not the direction of the market

The funny thing is that this Successful Investor financial plan can lose effectiveness if you try to improve on it. For instance, as part of your retirement investing, you may decide to vary how much money you invest every year, depending on your view of the market outlook. That’s likely to cost you money about half the time. If you invest more money in years when you’re confident about the economy or market, you may wind up buying more shares when prices are high. If you cut back on your investing in years when the outlook is uncertain, you’ll buy less when prices are low.

In the course of your investing career, you’ll make some good guesses about market direction, and some bad ones; overall, they are likely to average out. That’s why it’s best to take a steady-state approach. It’s much easier to spot high-quality investments than to try to predict the next change in the direction of stock prices.

This plan is virtually guaranteed to produce great results for you, if you start early and stick with it. However, few investors do that. They simply face too many ways to get sidetracked.

If you’d like me to personally apply my time-tested investment advice to your portfolio, you should consider becoming a client of my Successful Investor Wealth Management service. Click here to learn more.

We recommend that you base your retirement planning on a sound financial plan. Here are the 4 key variables that your plan should address to ensure that your retirement investing generates enough income in retirement:

1. How much you expect to save prior to retirement;
2. The return you expect on your savings;
3. How much of that return you’ll have left after taxes;
4. How much retirement income you’ll need once you’ve left the workforce.

Most accountants or tax preparers can do the math for you, based on numbers you provide. Coming up with realistic numbers is the hard part. It depends on your personal preferences.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

For instance, a financial planner can give you some idea of what others are saving. But you should base your savings on the way you want to live, rather than on the averages.

Your plan also needs to be based on a realistic view of how much income you’ll need once you’ve stopped working. A key mistake is to underestimate how much it costs to fill up your new-found free time.

As for the tax structure, it keeps changing. But it’s safe to assume that you’ll pay a lower rate of tax on dividends and capital gains than on interest, and that you’ll generally pay taxes on capital gains only when you sell.

Retirement investing: Stick with conservative estimates to account for unforeseen setbacks

As for the return you expect from your retirement investing, it’s best to aim low. If you invest in bonds, assume you will earn the current yield; don’t assume you can make money trading in bonds.

Over long periods, the total return on a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality stocks runs to as much as 10%, or around 7.5% after inflation. Aim lower in your retirement planning — 6.5% a year, say — to allow for unforeseeable problems and setbacks.

Above all, it’s important to remember that while finances are important, the happiest retirees are those who stay busy. You can do that with travel, golf or sailing. But volunteering, or working part-time at something you enjoy, can work just as well.

Get all the information you need to make smart retirement investing choices

If you’re looking for authoritative advice on investment issues—including retirement investing—or fundamental analysis on investments you’re considering buying (or selling), you should join Pat McKeough’s Inner Circle. It’s Canada’s most exclusive investment group.

Inner Circle members always get clear, concise investment advice that’s 100% independent, and untainted by commissions or other undisclosed influences. We guarantee it.

You’ll not only get the answers to your questions, but you’ll also get to see all other members’ questions, and our answers (of course, we eliminate any personal information).

Even if you don’t ask questions yourself, you’ll be surprised at what you can pick up by reading answers to questions posed by other investors just like you.

And that’s not all. You also get subscriptions to all 4 of my newsletters, The Successful Investor, Stock Pickers Digest, Wall Street Stock Forecaster and Canadian Wealth Advisor.

Don’t wait! Give yourself an advantage over other investors by joining my Inner Circle today. Click here to learn more.

Tip of the week: “These 2 retirement planning tips can help you leave a well-organized—and profitable—estate”

As part of their retirement planning, investors sometimes ask us about ways to set up their finances so they can be easily managed after their death.

When you’re doing this kind of retirement planning, it’s always good to have clear arrangements in place and keep them up to date as your circumstances change. Here are two tips you can use to avoid placing undue stress on your loved ones and make the most of the investments you leave to your heirs:

1. Have a clear—but not too rigid—financial contingency plan: This will let someone you trust to take charge of your finances if you can’t handle them yourself. However, it’s best to focus on finding someone you trust thoroughly, and giving that person as much flexibility as possible.
   
   The alternative — leaving fixed instructions — introduces a random element that can only hurt you. After all, fixed instructions (such as “If I get sick, convert all my holdings into T-bills”) won’t add to your wealth. But they may turn out to be inappropriate, and whoever you put in charge won’t be able to do anything different.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

2. Keep your heirs in mind when making investment decisions: If you have substantially more money than you’ll need for the rest of your life, and you plan to leave the excess to your heirs, it makes sense to invest at least part of your legacy on their behalf. That is, invest based on their time horizon, not yours.
   
   For instance, if your heirs are in their 40s, your retirement planning should involve holding at least part of your portfolio in a selection of investments that would suit investors in their 40s. Of course, you’d still want to invest conservatively. But you’d want to take advantage of the many years that 40-somethings have till they reach retirement age.
   
   If your retirement planning involves holding your money in T-bills for the last few years of your life, it will generate a minimal return after taxes — you may actually lose money after accounting for taxes and inflation.
   
   After your death, it may take months or longer to settle your estate. After that, your 40-something heirs may need time to put your legacy to work, especially if they are inexperienced investors. They may have passed 50 by the time they get around to investing in an age-appropriate fashion.
   
   Missing out on, say, three years of even moderate returns can take a big bite out of the funds they’ll have a few decades later, in retirement.

Next Wednesday, March 9, 2011, Investor Toolkit will give you our investment advice on the role of goodwill in your investing strategy.

If you’d like me to personally apply my time-tested approach to your investments, you should consider becoming a client of my Successful Investor Wealth Management service. Click here to learn more.

To some extent, this is an understandable strategy, since bonds provide steady income and a guarantee to repay the principal at maturity.

Stocks are bound to be more profitable for retirement investing than bonds

Bond prices will likely fall over the next few years as interest rates inevitably rise again. For example, governments injecting money into their economies could spur inflation. Higher inflation would likely prompt governments to raise rates.

That’s why we continue to recommend that you invest only a small part of your portfolio in bonds and fixed-income investments. Instead, focus your retirement investing on building a diversified portfolio of well-established companies with long histories of dividends. We recommend a number of these types of stocks in our Canadian Wealth Advisor newsletter.

We recommend this retirement investing approach because equities are bound to be more profitable than fixed-return investments over long periods. That’s because equity returns are related to business profits, while returns on fixed-return investments are related to business interest costs.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

A business’s profits must be higher than its interest costs in the long run. Otherwise, every business that owes money would go broke, and that’s not likely to happen. That’s why most investors should hold a large part of their money in stocks most of the time.

Returns on your stocks are sure to be more volatile than what you earn on fixed-return investments (that includes short-term bonds). That’s because returns on stocks are related to the part of gross profit that’s left over after a company pays its interest costs.

Bonds can provide stability — and a place to park your cash

Though fixed-return investments are less profitable than equity investments, they can help stabilize your portfolio’s value. They serve as reserves you can use to buy more stocks when prices are down. For that matter, when stock prices are down, you can use your reserves for personal spending to avoid having to sell at a low.

In the end, the right equities/fixed return split depends on your financial circumstances and your temperament. If you are older and planning your retirement investing strategy, you may want to hold some fixed-income investments. But with interest rates at current low levels, stick with government bonds that have terms of, say, two years or less.

If you’re looking for safety-conscious retirement investing advice like this, you should subscribe to our Canadian Wealth Advisor newsletter. Click here to learn how you can get one month free when you subscribe today.

Tip of the week: “Retirement planning calls for realistic calculations.”

Suppose you’re 50 and want to retire at 65. You have $200,000 in your RRSP, and expect to add $15,000 yearly for the next 15 years. To determine if this is enough to retire on, you need to make assumptions about investment returns and income needs.

• What to expect. Long-term studies show that the stock market as a whole generally produces total pre-tax annual returns of 8% to 10%, or around 6% after inflation. For retirement planning, let’s assume a 6% yearly return, and disregard inflation. Your $200,000 grows to $479,312*, and your yearly $15,000 RRSP contributions add up to $370,088, for total retirement savings of $849,400.

• Income and outgo. If you continue to earn 6% a year, and you withdraw $50,964 a year (6% of the $849,400 in your RRSP), you can avoid dipping into capital until your mid-70s, when RRIF rules require a larger withdrawal.

If you take money out faster, or earn lower returns, you’ll run out of money. If you withdraw $90,000 a year while earning 6%, your money will last just over 13 years. If you earn 5% but withdraw $90,000 a year, you’ll run out of money in just over 12 years.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

• Beware the vicious circle. Some investors deal with retirement planning figures like these by seeking higher returns in riskier investments, such as gold and silver stocks. In years when these volatile investments lose money, these investors will then have less capital for the following year. This may lead to a vicious circle of lower income and shrinking capital.

Investment opinion: Instead of taking on extra risk, take the safe route: enhance your retirement planning by saving more now, working longer, or planning to spend less. Retirement leaves you with lots of free time, and filling it costs money. But postponing retirement, or working part-time as long as you’re able, can pay off in higher current income, more contentment and greater long-term security.

Next Wednesday, December 8, 2010, Investor Toolkit will look at the ins and outs of futures trading.

If you’d like me to personally apply my time-tested approach to your investments, you should consider becoming a client of my Successful Investor Wealth Management service. Click here to learn more.

*Check your math. There are many compound-return calculators available online. For example, you can find a comprehensive compound-return calculator at the Bank of Canada’s web site (www.bankofcanada.ca/en/rates/investment.html).

(Our Successful Investor Wealth Management clients’ retirement planning goals are always one of our top considerations when we manage their portfolios. Click here to learn more about how you can profit from our portfolio management services.)

4 components of sound retirement planning

We recommend that you base your retirement planning on a sound financial plan. Here are the four key variables that your plan should address to ensure you have sufficient income in retirement:

• How much you expect to save prior to retirement;
• The return you expect on your savings;
• How much of that return you’ll have left after taxes;
• How much retirement income you’ll need once you’ve left the workforce.

Most accountants or tax preparers can do the math for you, based on numbers you provide. Coming up with realistic numbers is the hard part. It depends on your personal preferences.

For a limited time only, sign up to get Pat McKeough's specific answers to your personal investment questions. Pat's proven expertise is available to guide the investment decisions of only a few new Inner Circle members. Click here to learn more about how you can benefit from membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.

For instance, a financial planner can give you some idea of what others are saving. But you should base your savings on the way you want to live, rather than on the averages. Your retirement planning also needs to be based on a realistic view of how much income you’ll need once you’ve stopped working. A key mistake is to underestimate how much it costs to fill up your new-found free time.

As for the tax structure, it keeps changing. But it’s safe to assume that you’ll pay a lower rate of tax on dividends and capital gains than on interest, and that you’ll generally pay taxes on capital gains only when you sell.

As for the return you expect, it’s best to aim low. If you invest in bonds, assume you will earn the current yield; don’t assume you can make money trading in bonds. Over long periods, the total return on a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality stocks runs to as much as 10%, or around 7.5% after inflation. Aim lower in your retirement planning — 6.5% a year, say — to allow for unforeseeable problems and setbacks.

2 practical ways to make sure you have enough money in retirement

Here are two other things you can do before you retire if you’re concerned you may not have sufficient funds. In addition to improving your finances, both can improve your quality of life in retirement:

• Work longer: Put off retiring from your current position, or continue to work part-time. Or, find full- or part-time work in another field. To start, this can solve a common problem that many retirees fail to foresee: how hard it can be, and how much it can cost, to fill up all the free time that comes with retirement.

• Analyze your spending: Start by doing a detailed study of how you spend your money now. Then, you analyze your findings to see what expenses you can cut or eliminate. This too can have fringe benefits, especially if it helps you break unhealthy habits.

  For instance, cutting out fast food can save the average Canadian anywhere from hundreds to thousands of dollars a year. In retirement, you’ll have time for a cooking class or two, and soon you’ll be able to cook better-tasting and healthier food than you can buy at any fast-food chain. The cost difference between home cooking and fast food can be substantial, and it’s like tax-free income.

In the end, it’s important to remember that while finances are important, the happiest retirees are those who stay busy. You can do that with travel, golf or sailing. But volunteering, or working part-time at something you enjoy, can work just as well.

If you’d like me to personally apply my time-tested approach to your investments, you should consider becoming a client of my Successful Investor Wealth Management service. Click here to learn more.