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Members of Pat McKeough’s Inner Circle enjoy a double benefit when it comes to taking advantage of our investment research. They get to address investment questions directly to me and my research associates; AND they get to see all other members’ questions, and our answers (of course, we eliminate any personal information). Aside from specific investments (such as stocks, income trusts or exchange-traded funds), members ask us a wide range of other kinds of investment questions, as well. So you can get a sense of how the service works, I’d like to share an example of the type of question a more conservative investor might ask. I hope you enjoy and profit from it. Q: Dear Pat, I’m a conservative investor who just received $50,000 that is important to my retirement (which is in about 12 years), so I have to invest this money carefully. The market has fallen lately, and I’m concerned that it could drop further. As a conservative investor, I would like to know if I should invest this new money in the stock market all at once or spread it out over a certain period of time. Thanks for your help....

Every Wednesday, we publish our “Investor Toolkit” series on TSI Network. Whether you’re a new or experienced investor, these weekly updates are designed to give you specific advice on the fundamentals of successful investing. Each Investor Toolkit update gives you a new fundamental tip and shows you how you can put it into practice right away. Today’s tip: “Time spent finding a good stock broker can be an excellent investment.” Investors often ask us to refer them to a good full-service stock broker. Stock brokers are now more commonly referred to as “investment advisors.” But good stock brokers or investment advisors have always been hard to find. We mainly only hear about them after they’ve retired, when investors complain about the bad brokers who have taken over their accounts....

Whether you’re an aggressive or more conservative investor, we feel you can improve your results in stock market investments — and cut your risk — by understanding and avoiding these 5 common investment errors: 1. Focusing on three or fewer of the 5 main economic sectors: Manufacturing and Resources stocks expose you to above-average risk, Utilities and Canadian Finance stocks involve below-average risk, and Consumer stocks fall in the middle. The sectors go in and out of investor favour, depending on economic conditions and investor whim. But in the long run, winners and losers appear in all five. Spreading your money out across most or all of the five sectors limits the role of luck in your results. Your stock market investments will always have some exposure to the year’s most profitable investment area, and that’s a key factor in successful investing....

FPL GROUP INC. $48 (New York symbol FPL; Income Portfolio, Utilities sector; Shares outstanding: 414.7 million; Market cap: $19.9 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.3; Dividend yield: 4.2%; WSSF Rating: Average) operates through two wholly owned subsidiaries. Florida Power and Light Company (which accounted for 73% of FPL Group’s 2009 revenue and 49% of its earnings) sells electricity to 4.5 million customers in eastern and southern Florida. This subsidiary’s power stations operate under some form of government regulation. That limits the prices Florida Power and Light can charge, but it also gives the company steady revenue streams. FPL Group also owns NextEra Energy Resources, which operates unregulated electrical-power projects in Canada and 26 U.S. states. NextEra mainly sells its power to other utilities, and is free to sell at the market price or under long-term contracts. In all, its projects generate 18,148 megawatts....

Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have gained popularity among investors in recent years, mainly because they offer low management fees. However, you should always keep in mind that not all exchange traded funds are created equal. For example, there are a lot of ETFs that have been created to tap into popular, but risky, themes and fads. So you need to be very selective with your ETF holdings. Exchange traded funds are set up to mirror the performance of a stock-market index or sub-index. They hold a more or less fixed selection of securities that represent the holdings that go into the calculation of the index or sub-index. ETFs trade on stock exchanges, just like stocks. Investors can buy them on margin or sell them short....

Every Wednesday, we publish our “Investor Toolkit” series on TSI Network. Whether you’re a new or experienced investor, these weekly updates are designed to give you specific investment advice on the fundamentals of successful investing. Each Investor Toolkit update gives you a new piece of investment advice and shows you how you can put it into practice right away....

Investors generally look to aggressive stocks for capital gains and to more conservative stocks, like utilities, for income. However, there are some aggressive stocks that pay dividends that are as high — or even higher — than more established companies. (We’ve updated our buy/sell/hold advice on a high-dividend aggressive stock in a just-published issue of Stock Pickers Digest. See below for further details.)

Dividends are a plus in aggressive investing — but focus on quality

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Our Stock Pickers Digest newsletter helps you find the aggressive investing stocks that could greatly enhance your portfolio’s results. These undervalued, often overlooked companies have the potential to explode for large returns of 50% or more in six months or less. It’s important to keep in mind that all aggressive investing stocks – including those we recommend in Stock Pickers Digest – expose you to a higher degree of risk than conservative selections. However, there are many ways to cut your risk in aggressive investing and still put yourself in position for large returns. Here are three key strategies you can easily apply to the part of your portfolio you devote to aggressive investments. They form the core of the advice we give you in Stock Pickers Digest....

Whether you’re a beginning or experienced investor, it’s always a good idea to review the fundamental points of successful investing. That’s what we give you in our new “Investor Toolkit” series. Every Wednesday, we’ll give you a new fundamental easy investing tip and show you how you can put it into practice right away. We hope you enjoy and profit from it. Today’s tip: “Sound investor habits and attitudes are as important as good investments.”

To succeed as an investor, you need to cultivate three personal mental strengths:...

One key part of our three-pronged investing program is to spread your money out across the five main sectors of the economy: Manufacturing & Industry; Resources; Consumer; Finance; and Utilities. In general, stocks in the Resources and Manufacturing & Industry sectors expose you to above-average volatility, and stocks in the Utilities and Finance sectors entail below-average volatility. Consumer stocks usually fall in the middle. That’s because consumer firms benefit from continuous and often habitual use of their products and services, so they have much more stability in their sales and earnings, no matter what the economy is doing....

China Investment Corp. (CIC) continues to catch investors’ attention by making a number of big purchases in the resource sector, including crude oil stocks. CIC is the Chinese government’s “sovereign wealth fund.” Sovereign wealth funds have been around since the 1950s. They are state-owned investment funds that are usually financed by an economic surplus. Many Middle Eastern sovereign wealth funds, for example, are financed by state oil revenues. CIC is directly funded by the Chinese government, largely with U.S. dollar reserves accumulated through exports.

An aggressive move into the oil sands

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Attractive opportunities for short selling stocks come along from time to time, but it’s a hard way to make money. That’s because short sellers face a number of unique disadvantages that don’t apply to buyers. (See below for three risks to be aware of if you’re considering short selling stocks as an investment strategy.)

How short selling works

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TIM HORTONS INC. $34 (Toronto symbol THI; Aggressive Growth Portfolio, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 176.2 million; Market cap: $6.0 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 2.7; Dividend yield: 1.5%; SI Rating: Average) is one of Canada’s largest fast-food restaurant chains. Its 3,015 outlets mainly serve coffee and donuts. The company also has 563 stores in the U.S. Franchisees operate 99.5% of Tim Hortons’ coffee-and-donut shops. The company gets about two-thirds of its revenue from supplying these outlets with coffee, baked goods and related items. (Rents and franchise fees account for the remaining third of its revenue.) Tim Hortons owns its own bakeries and warehouses. That gives it strong quality control, and lets it use its buying power to negotiate better ingredient costs. In 2009, Tim Hortons’ earnings rose 4.1%, to $296.4 million from $284.7 million in 2008. However, its 2008 earnings were depressed by a $15.4-million (after tax) charge for non-recurring costs, including writedowns....

SAPUTO INC. $29 (Toronto symbol SAP; Aggressive Growth Portfolio, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 207.2 million; Market cap: $6.0 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.0; Dividend yield: 2.0%; SI Rating: Average) is Canada’s largest producer of dairy products, including milk, butter and cheese. It also makes snack cakes and tarts. Aside from Saputo, the company’s main brands are Neilson, Stella and Dairyland. The company also has operations in the U.S., Argentina and Europe. In the three months ended December 31, 2009, Saputo’s earnings jumped 80.4%, to $104.3 million, or $0.50 a share. A year earlier, it earned $57.8 million, or $0.28 a share. That’s mainly because of contributions from its Neilson Dairy subsidiary, which Saputo bought from George Weston Ltd. (Toronto symbol WN) on December 1, 2008. The higher earnings came despite a 20% increase in milk prices over the past year. (Milk is the main raw material of Saputo’s dairy businesses, which provide 98% of its earnings.) The company has been able to offset most of these extra costs by raising its selling prices for cheese in Canada....

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. $9.37 (Toronto symbol MFI; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 136.8 million; Market cap: $1.3 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 0.2; Dividend yield: 1.7%; SI Rating: Average) is Canada’s largest food-processing company. It mainly makes its products, which include fresh and prepared meats and poultry, under the Maple Leaf and Schneider brands. Maple Leaf also owns 89.8% of Canada Bread. Maple Leaf’s strong brands and customer loyalty are helping it continue its recovery from a 2008 listeriosis outbreak at its Toronto meat-processing plant. These strengths should also help it pass along higher costs for pork and other ingredients to its customers over the next few months. In the three months ended March 31, 2010, Maple Leaf’s sales fell 6.9%, to $1.2 billion from $1.3 billion a year earlier. That’s mainly because of a 7.5% drop in sales of frozen baked goods. As well, Maple Leaf gets 23% of its sales from outside of Canada, and the higher Canadian dollar hurt the contributions of its foreign operations....

CANADA BREAD CO. LTD. $47 (Toronto symbol CBY; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 25.4 million; Market cap: $1.2 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 0.7; Dividend yield: 0.5%; SI Rating: Above Average) is Canada’s second-largest producer of baked goods, after Weston Bakery. It also makes specialty pastas and sauces. Its main brands include Dempster, Tenderflake and Olivieri. In the three months ended March 31, 2010, Canada Bread’s earnings fell 14.5% to $12.7 million, or $0.50 a share. It earned $14.9 million, or $0.59 a share, a year earlier. Without unusual items, mainly the cost of building a new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, to replace three older Toronto bakeries, earnings per share would have fallen 8.3%, to $0.55 from $0.60. Sales fell 7.6%, to $381.9 million from $413.1 million, mainly because the company lost a major U.S. restaurant customer. That pushed down sales of frozen bagels and breads to restaurants by 16.9%. Sales of fresh baked goods fell 2.2%....

SUNCOR ENERGY INC. $33 (Toronto symbol SU; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Resources sector; Shares outstanding: 1.6 billion; Market cap: $52.8 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.7; Dividend yield: 1.2%; SI Rating: Average) became Canada’s largest oil company when it bought Petro-Canada (old symbol PCA) on August 1, 2009. Petro-Canada shareholders received 1.28 Suncor shares for each Petro-Canada share they held. Conventional oil and natural gas account for about 60% of the merged company’s production. The remaining 40% comes from oil sands. That includes its 12% stake in the massive Syncrude oil-sands development. Suncor also operates four refineries and over 1,800 retail gas stations under the Petro-Canada banner. The company wants to expand its oil sands operations until they account for about 70% of its production. To that end, it is selling some conventional and offshore properties that belonged to Petro-Canada. However, Suncor will probably keep Petro-Canada’s projects in Libya and Syria....

On Thursday, May 6, 2010, the Dow Jones Industrial Average opened at around 10,860. Later that afternoon, it suddenly fell 9.2%, to 9,869.62. In the space of just a few minutes, it had recovered most of these losses, and closed at 10,520.32. It’s now back to its pre-crash level of around 10,860. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is investigating the drop, but an exact cause has not yet been found. No matter what caused the crash, some of the trades that occurred between 2:40 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. eastern time have already been cancelled. The New York and Nasdaq exchanges have cancelled all trades that occurred during that window that were more than 60% higher or lower than the stock’s price just before the plunge....

Ottawa’s new tax on income trusts comes into effect on January 1, 2011. When it does, it will put income trusts on an equal footing with regular corporations. That will prompt some income trusts to convert to conventional corporations. Others may continue to operate as trusts. Either way, the looming tax has made many investors wary of income trusts. However, some trusts remain well positioned for long-term gains, even with the new tax. These are trusts that operate stable businesses in strong and growing industries. One way we separate these trusts from those that will struggle — or worse — when the new tax kicks in is to look for trusts that have histories of raising their distributions, and plan to keep their payouts at current levels after January 2011....

Some investors follow a “sector rotation” approach to investing. That’s when you try to hop from sector to sector, underweighting or overweighting your holdings in certain sectors of the stock market depending on a forecast of the stage of the economic cycle, or other factors. This approach can work in any one year, say. However, it’s difficult if not impossible to produce consistent longer-term returns. Here are two reasons why:

1. You need to guess right three times to profit in sector rotation: You have to pick the top sectors, then pick the stocks that will rise within those sectors, then sell before the sector stumbles. It’s virtually impossible to consistently succeed at all three over long periods. But that’s not the only problem with sector rotation.
2. Sector rotation can overweight you in the worst-performing sectors: There are many theories about which sectors will outperform at any given stage of the economic cycle. But trying to pick winning sectors — and staying out of other sectors — seldom works over long periods. Investors who attempt to do so often wind up with heavy holdings in the worst-performing sectors. That would be devastating to your portfolio, even if you confine your investments to well-established companies.

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A couple of our Successful Investor Wealth Management clients asked us about a Canadian real estate investing subject that can be sensitive for investors who are at or nearing retirement — when to sell the family home. The clients, a married couple, are both 59 and plan to begin collecting Canada Pension next year, at age 60. They recently sold their business and have a $450,000 investment portfolio. Their $700,000 home is mortgage-free and sits on 118 feet of lakefront in a vacation area north of Toronto. It’s a bigger home than they need, since their children are grown. They’ve thought about selling, though they’d prefer to stay put for a few years. Meanwhile, they hope their home will continue to appreciate. But they recognize that the boom in Canadian real estate investing won’t last forever, and that many baby boomers are also holding off on selling a larger-than-needed family home....

We display a price-to-sales or p/s ratio with every stock we cover in our newsletters, including our flagship publication, The Successful Investor. Price-to-sales is the ratio you get when you compare a stock’s price to its sales per share (you get sales per share by dividing total annual sales by the number of outstanding shares).

Treat financial ratios like price-to-sales as one tool among many

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Gold is currently trading at around $1,183 U.S. an ounce. That’s up 4% from April 19, 2010, when it was trading at around $1,138 U.S. an ounce, but still short of gold’s all-time high of $1,214.80 U.S., which it reached in late 2009. Gold’s recent rise has partly been driven by investor fears about European sovereign debt — Greek debt in particular. These fears are prompting more investors to buy gold and gold investments, because they believe gold will provide them with additional security.

Further European debt problems would push gold up even further

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Demand for wireless services is rising sharply in North America. That’s partly because device makers continue to release new cellphones and wireless devices, such as Apple’s iPad and Amazon’s Kindle e-book reader. As well, more customers are switching from traditional phones (or land lines) to wireless services.

Tap into wireless growth with blue chip stocks that operate networks

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Here are three common mistakes many investors make when selecting Canadian stock picks. All three can seriously hinder — or eliminate — your portfolio’s long-term profit potential. 1. Buying low-quality investments: Most of the bad deals in Canadian stock picks exhibit the usual tip-offs. For example, many lack a history of earnings or dividends. They may also spend way too much time publicizing themselves, and too little time building their businesses. To increase your stock market returns, we feel you should invest mainly in high-quality, dividend-paying companies. We also feel you should diversify by spreading your money out across the five main economic sectors (Resources & Commodities, Finance, Manufacturing & Industry, Utilities and Consumer)....