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Formulating a good financial plan forces us to take a good look at the present—and the future.

SUNCOR ENERGY INC. $34 (Toronto symbol SU; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Resources sector; Shares outstanding: 1.6 billion; Market cap: $54.4 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.8; Dividend yield: 3.4%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.suncor.com) is Canada’s largest integrated oil company. Oil production supplies about 40% of Suncor’s overall revenue. The remaining 60% comes from its four oil refineries (three in Canada and one in Colorado) and 1,500 Petro-Canada gas stations. Suncor gets 66% of its crude from its oil sands projects in northern Alberta. It gets a further 16% from the Syncrude oil sands project north of Fort McMurray. In March 2016, the company completed its all-stock acquisition of Canadian Oil Sands Ltd., which owns 36.74% of Syncrude. If you include Canadian Oil Sands’ debt of $2.6 billion, the total price was $7.1 billion. The company has now agreed to buy an additional 5.0% interest in Syncrude from Murphy Oil Corp. (New York symbol MUR). Suncor will pay $937 million when it completes the purchase in the next few weeks. That will raise its stake in Syncrude to 53.74%....

EMERA INC. $47 (Toronto symbol EMA; Income Portfolio, Utilities sector; Shares outstanding: 148.2 million; Market cap: $6.8 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 2.5; Dividend yield: 4.0%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.emera .com) owns 100% of Nova Scotia Power, that province’s main electricity supplier. It also owns power utilities in the U.S. and the Caribbean. In September 2015, the company agreed to buy Teco Energy (New York symbol TE). This firm supplies electricity and natural gas to 1.05 million customers in Tampa Bay, Florida. A separate subsidiary distributes gas to 510,000 customers in New Mexico. Emera will pay $10.4 billion U.S., including Teco’s debt. It expects to complete the purchase in mid-2016....

IMPERIAL OIL LTD. $41 (Toronto symbol IMO; Conservative Growth and Income Portfolios, Shares outstanding: 847.6 million; Market cap: $34.8 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.4; Dividend yield: 1.5%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.imperialoil.ca) is Canada’s second-largest integrated oil producer after Suncor. The company’s Alberta oil sands operations, including its 25% stake in the Syncrude project, supply 90% of its crude. Imperial also has conventional oil and gas operations in Western Canada, and invests in offshore projects in Atlantic Canada. In addition, it owns three refineries and makes petrochemicals. In March 2016, Imperial agreed to sell its 497 company-owned Esso gas stations to independent operators for $2.8 billion....

CENOVUS ENERGY INC. $19 (Toronto symbol CVE; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Resources sector; Shares outstanding: 833.3 million; Market cap: $15.8 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1,2; Dividend yield: 1.1%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.cenovus.com) gets 30% of its revenue from its Western Canadian oil sands properties and conventional oil and gas wells. Its biggest properties are its 50%-owned Christina Lake and Foster Creek oil sands projects; ConocoPhilips (New York symbol COP) owns the remaining 50%. Refining supplies 70% of Cenovus’s revenue. The company ships its oil to its 50%-owned refineries in Illinois and Texas. Phillips 66 (New York symbol PSX) owns the other 50%....

ENCANA CORP. $8.97 (Toronto symbol ECA; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Resources sector; Shares outstanding: 849.9 million; Market cap: $7.6 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.5; Dividend yield: 0.9%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.encana.com) owns four key properties: Montney (B.C.), Duvernay (Alberta), and Eagle Ford and Permian (both in Texas). In addition to natural gas, these fields produce large amounts of oil and natural gas liquids, such as propane and butane. That cuts the company’s reliance on gas. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, Encana produced an average of 383,400 barrels a day (66% gas, 34% oil and liquids). Due to recent asset sales, that’s down 10.9% from 430,100 barrels a year earlier. The company’s four main properties now supply 70% of its overall production. Low oil prices have forced Encana to write down the value of its properties by $607 million (all amounts except share price and market cap in U.S. dollars)....

PENGROWTH ENERGY CORP. $2.08 (Toronto symbol PGF; Aggressive Growth and Income Portfolios, Resources sector; Shares outstanding: 547.4 million; Market cap: $1.1 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.4; Dividend suspended in January 2016; TSINetwork Rating: Speculative; www.pengrowth.com) has more than tripled from its low of $0.66 in January 2016. That’s partly because prominent Toronto investor Seymour Schulich recently acquired 16.6% of the company’s shares. The purchase makes him Pengrowth’s largest shareholder. Meanwhile, the company continues to sell less-important properties to focus on its main Lindbergh oil sands project. That’s why its production in the first quarter of 2016 fell 10.5%, to 62,056 barrels a day (61% oil and liquids, 39% natural gas) from 67,934 barrels a year earlier. In addition, weaker oil and gas prices cut its cash flow per share by 4.8%, to $0.20 from $0.21. Pengrowth used the cash from its recent assets sales to pay down its long-term debt. It now stands at $1.7 billion (or 1.5 times its market cap). That’s down 9.3% since the end of 2015....

ENBRIDGE INC. $51 (Toronto symbol ENB; Conservative Growth and Income Portfolios, Utilities sector; Shares outstanding: 928.9 million; Market cap: $47.4 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.3; Dividend yield: 4.2%; TSINetwork Rating: Above Average; www. enbridge.com) has asked regulators to extend its permit to build the Northern Gateway pipeline by three years. This $7.9 billion project would pump crude oil from Alberta to the B.C. coast. However, the permit will expire if Enbridge does not begin construction by the end of 2016. The extra time would also help the company address significant political opposition to the project. For example, it will now give Aboriginal groups a 33% stake in the project, up from 10% under the original proposal. Even so, Ottawa’s plan to ban tanker traffic on B.C.’s northern coast hurts the project’s viability. Enbridge is still a hold.

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. $30 (Toronto symbol MFI; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 134.6 million; Market cap: $4.0 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 1.3; Dividend yield: 1.2%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.mapleleaffoods.com) is Canada’s largest food processor. It mainly sells its products, including fresh and prepared meats and poultry, under the Maple Leaf and Schneider brands. The company recently completed a multi-year restructuring plan that involved closing older meat processing plants and shifting their operations to newer, more efficient ones. Thanks to the success of this plan, Maple Leaf earned $42.3 million, or $0.31 a share, in the three months ended March 31, 2016. The results are a big improvement over the $2.9 million, or $0.02, it lost a year earlier. If you factor out unusual items, earnings per share jumped to $0.28 from $0.05....

THOMSON REUTERS CORP. $53 (Toronto symbol TRI; Conservative Growth Portfolio, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 752.4 million; Market cap: $39.9 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 3.4; Dividend yield: 3.3%; TSINetwork Rating: Above Average; www.thomsonreuters.com) mainly sells information products to financial clients, such as banks and brokerages. In 2015, this business supplied 52% of Thomson’s revenue. The company also sells specialized information to professionals in the legal (27%); tax and accounting (11%); and intellectual property and science (8%) fields. Its Reuters news division supplies the remaining 2%. Thomson now plans to sell its intellectual property business. It will probably use the expected proceeds of $3 billion to buy back its own shares (all amounts except share price and market cap in U.S. dollars). The sale should close later this year....

TORSTAR CORP. $1.83 (Toronto symbol TS.B; Conservative Growth and Income Portfolios, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 80.6 million; Market cap: $147.5 million; Price-to-sales ratio: 0.2; Dividend yield: 14.2%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.torstar.com) recently paid $178 million for 56% of Vertical- Scope, a private firm that operates over 600 online forums and a variety of websites. The company has also launched a digital version of The Toronto Star, its flagship newspaper, for tablet computers. It will take a year or so for these new operations to begin contributing to Torstar’s sales. But they should help reduce its reliance on slower advertising revenue at its newspapers. Meantime, in the first quarter of 2016, Torstar’s losses worsened to $53.5 million, or $0.66 a share, from $459,000, or $0.01, a year earlier. Excluding unusual items, it lost $0.40 a share in the quarter, compared to a profit of $0.02. Revenue fell 9.1%, to $174.8 million from $192.3 million. Job cuts and other restructuring actions should save the company $20.7 million for all of 2016. It remains debt free, and holds cash of $32.5 million, or $0.40 a share. The $0.26-a-share dividend yields a high 14.2%. The company may reduce that payout, but is unlikely to completely eliminate it....

TRANSCANADA CORP. $52 (Toronto symbol TRP; Conservative Growth and Income Portfolios, Utilities sector; Shares outstanding: 702.4 million; Market cap: $36.5 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 3.2; Dividend yield: 4.3%; TSINetwork Rating: Above Average; www.transcanada.com) has received the final permits necessary for its $4.8 billion Coastal GasLink pipeline. It would pump natural gas from northeastern B.C. to a proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal in Kitimat, B.C. From there, tankers would ship the LNG to Asia. The companies behind the LNG plant will make a final decision by the end of 2016. If they proceed, TransCanada will begin building the pipeline and related facilities in early 2017. TransCanada is a buy.

HOME CAPITAL GROUP INC. $32 (Toronto symbol HCG; Aggressive Growth Portfolio, Finance sector; Shares outstanding: 66.0 million; Market cap; $2.1 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 3.9; Dividend yield: 3.0%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.homecapital.com) offers most of its loans through 4,000 independent mortgage brokers. In July 2015, it cut ties with 45 of them after it uncovered inaccurate information on loan applications. Allegedly, these brokers falsified borrowers’ annual incomes but not their credit scores and property values. The company has now reviewed 75% of these loans. So far, it has not found any unusual problems. It expects to complete the process by the end of 2016. Home Capital also cuts its credit losses down by identifying problem loans early and adjusting the repayment terms. In the first quarter of 2016, it set aside $1.4 million to cover potential loan losses, down 42.0% from a year earlier....

BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA $63 (Toronto symbol BNS; Conservative Growth and Income Portfolios, Finance sector; Shares outstanding: 1.2 billion; Market cap: $75.6 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 3.4; Dividend yield: 4.6%; TSINetwork Rating: Above Average; www.scotiabank.com) continues to expand its Internet and mobile banking operations. As a result, it is reorganizing its branches and cutting jobs. Severance payments and other costs will reduce the bank’s earnings by $0.22 a share in the quarter ended April 30, 2016. To put that in context, it earned $1.43 a share in the previous quarter. Bank of Nova Scotia is a buy.

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. $53 (Toronto symbol QSR; Aggressive Growth Portfolio, Consumer sector; Shares outstanding: 429.3 million; Market cap: $22.8 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 3.1; Dividend yield: 1.5%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.rbi.com) operates 4,438 Tim Hortons coffee and donut locations and 15,008 Burger King outlets in 100 countries. If you exclude restructuring costs and other unusual items, Restaurant Brands earned $142.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 (all amounts except share price and market cap in U.S. dollars). That’s up 92.3% from $73.9 million a year earlier. Due to more shares outstanding, earnings per share rose 87.5%, to $0.30 from $0.16. The higher profits came mainly from lower costs and the introduction of more high-profit menu items. Sales fell 1.6%, to $918.5 million from $933.3 million. However, if you exclude the negative impact of the U.S. dollar on Restaurant Brands’ overseas operations, sales in the quarter gained 6.0%....

RIOCAN REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST $28 (Toronto symbol REI.UN; Aggressive Growth Portfolio, Manufacturing & Industry sector; Units outstanding: 324.8 million; Market cap: $9.1 billion; Price-to-sales ratio: 8.1; Dividend yield: 5.0%; TSINetwork Rating: Average; www.riocan.com) owns all or part of 303 shopping centres in Canada, including 16 under development. The trust cuts its risk to online shopping and declining mall traffic in several ways. For example, It focuses on Canada’s six largest cities—Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, Edmonton, Calgary and Vancouver. They account for 75.0% of its rental revenue. High-quality tenants draw shoppers ...

GREAT-WEST LIFECO INC. $34 (www.greatwestlifeco.com) sells health and life insurance in Canada, the U.S. and Europe. It also offers mutual funds, retirement planning and wealth management. The company paid out higher life and health insurance claims in the three months ended March 31, 2016....

CANADIAN UTILITIES LTD. $37 (www.canadianutilities.com) distributes electricity and natural gas in Alberta and Australia. It also operates 15 power plants—13 in Canada; 2 in Australia. The company earned $0.65 a share in the first quarter of 2016. That’s up 6.6% from $0.61 a year earlier....

Necessity is the mother of all invention, and declining industries force companies to think about new ways to generate profits.

We advise you to limit investing in gold to gold mining stocks, but if you wish to hold gold or silver in your RRSP, here’s the best way.

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) give you a low-cost, flexible alternative to mutual funds. Here are five ETFs we recommend and one to sell.

LOBLAW COMPANIES $70.28 (Toronto symbol L; Shares outstanding: 410.2 million; Market cap: $28.3 billion; TSINetwork Rating: Above Average; Dividend yield: 1.5%; www.loblaw.ca) currently operates over 1,100 supermarkets and 1,300 Shopper Drug Mart pharmacies across Canada. In the three months ended March 26, 2016, Loblaw earned $338 million, or $0.82 a share. That’s up 12.3% from $301 million, or $0.72, a year earlier. Sales rose 4.8%, to $13.9 billion from $13.6 billion. Excluding gas station revenue, same-store sales rose 2.6% at Loblaw. They rose 6.3% at Shoppers Drug Mart. The company now plans to spend $1 billion to open 50 new locations and renovate 150 stores. Choice Properties REIT (Toronto symbol CHP.UN) will contribute an additional $300 million to the construction projects. Loblaw owns 83.0% of the REIT, which gets 91% of its rental revenue from its supermarkets and drug stores....

MANITOBA TELECOM SERVICES $37.43 (Toronto symbol MBT; Shares outstanding: 78.3 million; Market cap: $2.9 billion; TSINetwork Rating: Average; Dividend yield: 3.5%; www.mts.ca) has attracted a $3.1 billion takeover offer from BCE Inc. (see page 38). Under the deal, Manitoba Tel shareholders can choose either $40 in cash or 0.6756 shares of BCE for every MBT share they hold. However, BCE plans to limit its overall cash spending, so most Manitoba Tel investors will likely receive 55% of their payout in stock and the remainder in cash....

ISHARES S&P/TSX GLOBAL GOLD INDEX FUND $13.31 (Toronto symbol XGD; buy or sell through brokers; ca.ishares.com) aims to mirror the performance of the S&P/TSX Global Gold Index, which is made up of 35 gold stocks from Canada and around the world. The ETF began trading on March 23, 2001. Its MER is 0.61%. The fund’s top holdings are Barrick Gold at 14.6%; Newmont Mining, 12.4%; Goldcorp, 11.2%; Franco-Nevada, 8.7%; Agnico-Eagle Mines, 6.8%; Randgold Resources (ADR), 6.2%; Kinross Gold, 4.5%; and AngloGold Ashanti (ADR), 4.4%. iShares S&P/TSX Global Gold Index is a hold.

GLOBAL X SILVER MINERS ETF $32.963 (New York symbol SIL; buy or sell through brokers; www.globalxfunds.com) tracks the Solactive Global Silver Miners Index. That index includes 21 international firms that mine, refine or explore for silver. It was developed by Germany-based Structured Solutions AG. Canadian firms make up 50.5% of the fund’s holdings, but it also includes miners in the U.S. (22.0%) and Mexico (21.0%). Its MER is 0.65%. The ETF’s top holdings are Tahoe Resources Inc. at 11.5%; Silver Wheaton, 11.1%; Fresnillo plc 10.7%; First Majestic Silver, 7.7%; Industrias Penoles, 7.3%; Coeur Mining, 6.0%; Pan American Silver, 5.7%; Hecla Mining, 5.1%; Fortuna Silver Mines, 4.7%; Alamos Gold, 4.7%; Mag Silver, 4.4%; and Silver Standard Resources, 3.8%....