Ways ETFs determine their stock weightings

Article Excerpt

Most of the large and popular exchange-traded funds are passively managed index-tracking funds. Passive fund management for ETFs involves investing to mirror the holdings and performance of a specific stock-market index. The indexes that form the basis of these ETFs are provided by major index providers such as MSCI, S&P, FTSE and Solactive. Meanwhile, the methods used to construct those major indexes can dramatically influence their composition and performance. Here’s a look at the main index construction methods and their advantages and disadvantages. General index guidelines Index construction starts by identifying the universe of securities that qualify for inclusion. For example, an index that wants to track Canadian stocks will specify that its universe includes all companies listed in Canada. This universe may then be narrowed to exclude thinly traded or small companies. Index providers want to make their indices “investable.” That means ETF managers must be able to replicate the index in actual portfolios. Companies that cannot be bought or sold in significant…